Dear Reader,                                                         

Vaginas play host to a variety of bacteria that help maintain a healthy environment. Some types of bacteria that normally live in the vagina in small numbers are called anaerobes (meaning they do not require oxygen to live). Bacterial vaginosis (BV, also called nonspecific vaginitis) occurs when these anaerobes become too numerous. Bacterial vaginosis is the most common type of vaginal infection and can be uncomfortable, but it tends to be pretty mild and easily treated.

Signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis include:

• heavier-than-normal flow of vaginal discharge (may appear watery and whitish-gray or milky)
• a change in the usual scent of the vagina, often described as a strong "fishy" odor
• itching or burning around the opening of the vagina

Any or all of these symptoms may be more obvious after sexual intercourse. It's also possible to have the infection without any symptoms.

No one knows exactly why some women develop bacterial vaginosis. It doesn't seem to be sexually transmitted, because women who aren't sexually active can also develop BV. Some researchers think that anything that changes the balance of bacteria in the vagina could make some women more likely to develop the infection. This might include:

• new or multiple sexual partners
• douching
• having an intrauterine device (IUD)
• being diabetic
• going through menopause

Bacterial vaginosis can only be diagnosed by a health care provider and is easily treated with antibiotics (either in pill or topical form). If left untreated, it can cause more serious infections of the fallopian tubes and uterus, and can increase the chance of low birth weight and premature delivery in pregnant women. (If a woman is pregnant or taking other medications, she should let her provider know.) Women with BV are also at an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections. Symptoms may get better before the condition is completely cured, so it's important to use any medications for bacterial vaginosis for the prescribed length of time.

Although there are no 100 percent effective ways to prevent bacterial vaginosis, here are some tips for keeping the vagina healthy:

• Wipe from front to back after urinating or having a bowel movement.
• Avoid douching and using other chemical products (e.g., vaginal deodorant sprays, powders, perfumed soaps) in the vaginal area.
• Wear cotton or cotton-lined underpants.
• Bathe or shower regularly; try to keep the vaginal area clean and dry. Wear cotton underpants and cotton-lined pantyhose; avoid extremely tight-fitting clothing; promptly change out of damp swimsuits and exercise clothing.
• Consider using condoms during sexual intercourse. Some practitioners believe that women who are prone to bacterial vaginosis have flares of trouble after intercourse, and avoiding sperm in the vagina may (or may not) help.
• After intercourse, oral sex, or penetration, wash and dry the vulva carefully using a mild soap and warm water.

Again, anyone who thinks she may have bacterial vaginosis should see her health care provider in order to get an accurate diagnosis and treatment. Columbia students can login through Open Communicator or call x4-2284 to make an appointment.

Alice

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